I’ve been working with small and large networks for almost two decades. I can say that I have pretty much seen it all. There are so many different types of network devices that you can write a whole book about. In this article I will describe briefly the most common network device types that you […]

Every host or device that is connected to a TCP/IP network must have two addresses in order to send and receive traffic on the network. These are MAC and IP addresses. Knowing the details and functionality of these two address types is essential for anyone working in networking or in I.T in general. In this […]

A few decades ago, flat networks were the norm. I remember in my very first job as a network engineer, most of our clients’ networks consisted of a single broadcast domain (VLAN) and a huge single flat Layer 3 network (usually in the 10.0.0.0 range). As time passed by and networks started to become bigger […]

FTP and HTTP are two of the oldest network protocols in existence. Although they made their appearance in the nineteen-eighties, they are still among the most popular network protocols used in Information Technology and Internet in general. HTTP is an acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.  FTP is an acronym short for File Transfer Protocol.  Both […]

If you’re reading this article right now, you’ve already utilized the client-server model without even realizing it. You (as the client) have requested a resource (i.e this webpage) which was served to you by a webserver. This is the prevailing architecture for modern communications whereby digital data is offered by servers to clients. The alternate […]

An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is a term that you will hear a lot if you are into any field of Information Technology. Especially people in TCP/IP networking have to deal with IP addresses in their every-day professional life. Just like any house or building in the world has a unique postal mail address in […]

The key difference between routers and switches in TCP/IP networks is that Switches primarily function to provide Layer 2 connectivity and Routers provide Layer 3 connectivity (as described in the OSI layer model). What exactly does this mean? From a high level view it means that switches allow hosts to communicate as long as they […]

In these days of uncertainty around employment, IT remains a solid option for those who either have the qualifications or those who are seriously thinking about a career change. In this article I’ll discuss the best-paying jobs, both in the core networking field and in network security as well. There are many roles and job […]

In this blog I usually share practical configuration examples and how-to guides about Cisco networking devices and technologies (routers, switches, ASA firewalls etc). However, there are a lot of people out there interested in more generic and fundamental networking topics because they either just starting out in this field or are learning the basic concepts […]

DNS (Domain Name System) is the system that translates an Internet or Host name (that is easier for people to remember) to an IP address. In this article we’ll describe how DNS works, what port numbers are used for DNS protocol etc so keep reading for all info below. What is DNS A Domain Name […]

This is a post for people new to networking that have just started learning IP addressing and the basis of routing and subnetting. Every host or device on a TCP/IP network MUST have an IP address assigned in order to communicate with other devices. An IP address consists of a network part and a host […]