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What is OSPF NSSA (Not So Stubby Area) and How is it Configured?

In this article we will explain and discuss OSPF Not So Stubby Area (NSSA) and also how to configure this Area type on Cisco routers. OSPF is a link state dynamic routing protocol that is used by routers to share routing information.  This allows routers to inform each other of the paths that should be […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of BOOTP vs DHCP Protocols in Computer Networks

Layer 3 addressing can become difficult to manage in a network especially if you have an extensively large number of host devices.  With tens, hundreds, or even thousands of hosts in many enterprise networks, the need for an automated mechanism for assigning IP addresses and other network parameters was realized very early on. In this […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Pros and Cons of SD-WAN in Networks – Description and Discussion

A Software Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is a concept that has been around for over a decade.  SD-WAN is a WAN architecture that uses software-defined network technology to deliver a high availability, low cost, and highly flexible WAN connections over the Internet and other public networks. In this article, we will attempt to shed […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of GNS3 vs EVE-NG vs Packet Tracer for Networks Simulation

I have had many years of experience training students and professionals in networks and telecommunications. In those years, I have found time after time that the single most important activity a trainee can do to learn networking concepts is to spend time in the lab. Creating network topologies and applying the theory learned in the […]

Filed Under: General Networking, Software

Subnetting vs Supernetting – What’s the Difference? (Explanation Guide)

Subnetting and supernetting are two processes that are applied to IPv4 address spaces.  Each one serves a different purpose and can be used in various applications.  In this article, we’ll examine and compare Subnetting vs Supernetting in IP networks and see how they are applied to various aspects of network design and configuration. Structure of […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of TCP/IP vs OSI Models in Networking

Communication is key in modern life. Emails, phone calls, video calls are obvious examples. But, video streaming, ecommerce, eLearning, gaming etc are also a kind of communication. We are performing some type of communication in most of our life aspects. Successful communication requires that all participating parties know how to “talk” to each other and, […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of Distance Vector vs Link State Dynamic Routing Protocols

Dynamic routing protocols are used by Layer 3 network devices to automatically share routing information.  Various routing protocols have been developed over the years, but most fall into one of three categories: Interior Gateway Protocol – Distance vector, such as EIGRP or RIP Interior Gateway Protocol – Link state, such as OSPF or IS-IS Exterior […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison and Differences Between IPv4 vs IPv6

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the fundamental protocol that enables end-to-end communication between hosts on the Internet. Living in the Network Layer of the OSI model, IP is able to reach the intended host by simply using the destination IP address and the routing protocols that have been configured on the networks between the hosts. […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of NAT vs PAT in TCP/IP Networks for IP Translation

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a feature that enables the translation of IPv4 addresses.  It is most often used to translate private IPv4 addresses to public routable IPv4 addresses.  This feature has almost singlehandedly vastly increased the longevity of the IPv4 protocol as the primary Network Layer protocol running on the Internet, since it resolves […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of OSPF vs RIP/RIPv2 Routing Protocols in IP Networks

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP) are two of the most well-known Internal Gateway Protocols (IGPs) among network professionals and enthusiasts alike.  Both are among the oldest routing protocols developed for IP networks, but they have evolved in very different ways, and are ultimately used today for very different purposes. Let’s […]

Filed Under: General Networking

Comparison of EIGRP vs OSPF Routing Protocols

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) are two of the most popular Internal Gateway Protocols (IGPs) employed in today’s modern IP networks.  Both are mature protocols, having been around for decades, and are extremely reliable, flexible, and highly configurable.  And yet, they are surprisingly dissimilar in their architecture, implementation, and […]

Filed Under: General Networking

12 Best Computer Networking Books for Beginners & Experts

I have read tens of books (both in ebook format and also hard copy textbooks) in my networking professional career over the last 18 years. In fact, all of my preparation for my Cisco and other IT certifications was based on book studying (in addition to hands-on practice of course). Personally, I believe that having […]

Filed Under: General Networking, Product Reviews

10 Networking Companies Like Cisco (Competitors)

Every network engineer is familiar with Cisco, and with its multiple brand acquisitions, it’s even become a household name for consumers in addition to business professionals. Cisco isn’t the only major player in the hardware and TCP/IP networking game, however. This technology giant has at least a dozen formidable competitors, many of which have developed […]

Filed Under: General Networking

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About Networks Training

We Provide Technical Tutorials and Configuration Examples about TCP/IP Networks with focus on Cisco Products and Technologies. This blog entails my own thoughts and ideas, which may not represent the thoughts of Cisco Systems Inc. This blog is NOT affiliated or endorsed by Cisco Systems Inc. All product names, logos and artwork are copyrights/trademarks of their respective owners.

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