IPSEC is a standardized protocol (IETF standard) which means that it is supported by many different vendors. Therefore if you want to create a VPN between different vendor devices, then IPSEC VPN is the way to go.
In this article we will see a site-to-site VPN using the IPSEC protocol between a Cisco ASA and a pfSense firewall. PfSense is an open source distribution of FreeBSD customized for use as a firewall and router. You can install pfSense on a PC with two (or more) NICs, essentially turning it into a flexible security appliance. You can obtain your copy of pfSense from the Downloads section of www.pfsense.org. At the time of this writing, the latest available release is 2.0.2 and the same has been used in this tutorial.
In this article, we will focus on site-to-site IPsec implementation between a Cisco ASA and a pfSense firewall, as shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1 Cisco ASA to pfSense IPsec Implementation (Click for Larger Picture)
We will start with a preconfiguration checklist that will serve as a reference for configuration of IPSEC on both devices. ISAKMP/Phase 1 attributes are used to authenticate and create a secure tunnel over which IPsec/Phase 2 parameters are negotiated.
Table 1 Preconfiguration Checklist: ISAKMP/Phase-1 Attributes
| Attribute | Value |
| Encryption | AES 128-bit |
| Hashing | SHA-1 |
| Authentication method | Preshared keys |
| DH group | Group 2 1024-bit field |
| Lifetime | 86,400 seconds |
We will use main mode rather than aggressive mode for negotiation. IPsec Phase 2 attributes are used to encrypt and decrypt the actual data traffic.
Table 2 Preconfiguration Checklist: IPsec/Phase-2 Attributes
| Attribute | Value |
| Encryption | AES 128-bit |
| Hashing | SHA-1 |
| Lifetime | 28,800 seconds4,608,000 kB |
| Mode | Tunnel |
| PFS group | None |
Now that we have determined what Phase 1 and Phase 2 attributes to use, we’re ready to configure IPsec. We assume that all IP addresses are already configured and basic connectivity exists between Cisco ASA and pfSense firewall.
ASA Configuration
Let’s start with configuring the ASA (Using ASA 8.4(2) in this example):
! IPsec ISAKMP Phase 1
crypto ikev1 policy 1
authentication pre-share
encryption aes
hash sha
group 2
lifetime 86400
exit
!
crypto ikev1 enable outsidetunnel-group 173.199.183.2 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 173.199.183.2 ipsec-attributes
ikev1 pre-shared-key Cisc0
! IPsec Phase 2
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set pfSense-AES128SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
!
access-list outside_cryptomap_10 remark ACL to encrypt traffic from ASA to pfSense
access-list outside_cryptomap_10 extended permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
!
crypto map outside_map 10 match address outside_cryptomap_10
crypto map outside_map 10 set peer 173.199.183.2
crypto map outside_map 10 set ikev1 transform-set pfSense-AES128SHA
crypto map outside_map interface outside
PfSense Configuration
We open the URL http://173.199.183.2 in a Web browser to access the pfSense firewall and enter the default username/password of admin/pfsense. You may have noticed that 173.199.183.2 is the WAN IP address of the pfSense firewall that indicates we are accessing it from the Internet.
(click for larger picture)
After successfully logging in you reach the Status page which reports the summary state of your pfSense firewall. Go to VPN > IPsec using the menu and click add phase1 entry on the Tunnels tab. Configure ISAKMP/Phase 1 parameters as given in Table 1 and shown in the following screenshot.
(click for larger picture)
Click the Save button to save the configuration and go back to the Tunnels tab. Click add phase 2 entry to configure IPsec/Phase 2 parameters as given in Table 2 and shown in the following screenshot.
(click for larger picture)
Click the Save button to save changes and go back to the Tunnels tab where you can view a summary of your Phase 1 and Phase 2 configuration. Check the Enable IPsec checkbox and press the Save button. In the end, press the Apply changes button to finalize your configuration, as shown in the following screenshot.
(click for larger picture)
Our IPsec configuration is now complete on both devices. We can generate some traffic from a host in subnet 192.168.1.0/24 connected to Cisco ASA to a host in subnet 10.0.0.2/24 connected to pfSense, using the ping utility. If ping is successful between the two subnets, an IPsec tunnel is likely to have established successfully. The same can be verified using command show crypto ipsec stats on Cisco ASA.
In order to check IPsec tunnel status on the pfSense firewall, go to Status > IPsec. If you see a tiny green icon in the Status column, IPsec tunnel is successfully established as shown in the following screenshot.
(click for larger picture)
