Redistribution in networks and in particular, in the context of IP routing, refers to the process of transferring or injecting routing information from one routing protocol or domain, into another. OSPF, as a routing protocol, can either be the protocol from which routes are redistributed, into which routes are redistributed, or both! In this article, […]
[Continue reading]
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both Layer 4 transmission protocols in the OSI model. However, these two protocols are quite different. From a high level view you could say that TCP is reliable and UDP is unreliable. Why then would we use UDP? UDP Characteristics Due to UDP being able […]
[Continue reading]
In the fields of Information Technology, cybersecurity, computer networking etc, having visibility in your systems and networks is essential in order to detect security risks, prevent or fix faults, optimize performance etc. This visibility and information (observability) is usually provided by the logs generated by your I.T systems and infrastructure. Because of the enormous amount […]
[Continue reading]
As IT and networking professionals, we have critical and difficult jobs. We have to design, deploy, and maintain computer networks and, some of us, manage also the IT devices connected to them. In even a moderately-sized business or data center, that’s an awful lot of work. Just staying on top of all of the hardware […]
[Continue reading]
File transfers are an important network service. There are many protocols that can achieve this function, however, the SSH File Transfer Protocol, or SFTP is one of the safest, most efficient, and most popular methods around. It is arguably the most relied upon secure file transfer protocol used today! Image by freepik In this article, we’ll […]
[Continue reading]
Large organizational networks often extend beyond physical infrastructures to include cloud platforms, increasing their complexity. This expansion makes it challenging for administrators to achieve real-time visibility. However, a network management tool equipped with an IP scanner can address this issue by illuminating every element of a network. Each scan conducted by such a tool uncovers […]
[Continue reading]
Understanding bandwidth utilization is crucial in a world where businesses depend on continuous network operations and individuals use applications for their daily tasks. Instead of constantly dealing with bandwidth issues as they arise, you can keep track of your network’s bandwidth usage proactively and use that data to make well-informed decisions. Bandwidth utilization metrics indicate […]
[Continue reading]
Ping is a useful software tool for checking network connectivity, but it works differently from many other network protocols. Unlike common services that use specific TCP or UDP ports, ping operates using a unique approach. Ping is a tool that uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and does not rely on traditional port numbers. […]
[Continue reading]
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has long been a fundamental part of monitoring and managing network devices such as routers, switches, firewalls, access points, servers, and many others. Its simplicity and universal support make it a powerful tool for network administrators. However, its ease of use comes at a cost: if not properly secured, […]
[Continue reading]
Hot Standby Router Protocol or HSRP is a Cisco proprietary first hop redundancy protocol that is used to configure default gateway redundancy. With HSRP (like other gateway redundancy protocols), two or more routers can achieve default gateway failover in the event that the primary gateway fails or becomes inaccessible. In this article, we will focus […]
[Continue reading]
Route maps are a powerful tool used to manipulate routing information and policies within a network. They allow network administrators to control and influence how routes are advertised, received, and selected on Cisco routers. Route maps are extremely versatile and can be used in conjunction with routing protocols and other features to very granularly manipulate […]
[Continue reading]
Network troubleshooting often requires tools to query DNS servers. Two popular options are nslookup and dig. These command-line utilities help system administrators and network engineers resolve domain names and diagnose DNS issues. Nslookup and dig serve similar purposes but have some key differences in syntax and output format. Nslookup is available on most operating systems […]
[Continue reading]
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), as an exterior gateway protocol, is in a class on its own. It is the de facto standard routing protocol used on the Internet. Unlike its Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) cousins, such as OSPF or EIGRP, BGP advertises networks in a somewhat different way. In this article, we will highlight the […]
[Continue reading]